The Forms Tables

How the tables are made

When the word window opens on a noun, an adjective, a pronoun, the article or a verb, it can show all the forms of that word in a table, with the form in the text marked in amber. The forms are taken from the declension and conjugation tables of Wiktionary. A table is shown only where its forms agree with every place the word occurs in the Gospels and the Psalms of this edition, in both the spelling and the grammar. A few places were set aside as clear errors in the grammatical notes of our text: at most three places, or one in twenty, for a word, and only where the form found there is plainly another form of the same word or a form of a different word. Where any other place disagrees, or Wiktionary has no table for the word, the window shows no table. The tables are shown in Fluid Reading, when the Forms tables switch is on.

Where the text uses one of two forms that Wiktionary gives, the table shows the one in the text. Where our edition spells a word differently from the usual spelling, the table gives the spelling of our edition first and the usual spelling in bold beneath it. A word taken unchanged from Hebrew or Aramaic, such as Ἀβραάμ, has no table: the window says that it is indeclinable.

A verb table first shows only a few sets: the set of the word in the text, the same tense and mood in the other voice, and the indicative beside a form that is not indicative; for a participle, its own participle. The button More forms opens the other tenses, one block for each tense and voice, and then the participles. Each set gives the three persons down the left and the singular and plural across the top. Forms in a lighter colour were built by our own rules, where Wiktionary has no table for a tense, and are not found in this edition. Greek verbs whose tenses come from different roots, such as λέγω, εἶπον and ἐρῶ, share one table. Where our Greek text uses a Koine form that the Wiktionary tables do not list, such as εἶπαν beside εἶπον, the table shows that form only in the place where the text uses it, and the form itself is taken from our text, not from Wiktionary. Greek verbs keep the optative where the text has it. A Latin verb with passive forms and active meaning, such as loquor, is shown without the word "active".

Sources

Our own rules

Written for this site from the standard grammar of Greek and Latin. Used for the tenses of Greek verbs that Wiktionary does not give, and for the cases of participles beyond the first form given by Wiktionary. These forms are shown in a lighter colour, and only where the text does not use them.

Wiktionary, through kaikki.org

The declension tables of the Ancient Greek and Latin entries of Wiktionary, in the machine-readable extraction made by Tatu Ylonen at kaikki.org (Wiktextract). Used for every form in the Greek and Latin tables of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs (apart from the Koine forms of our own text and the forms built by our own rules, described above), and for the note that a word is indeclinable and the language it comes from. Accent marks for vowel length were removed, and where Wiktionary gives several dialects only the Attic, Koine and general tables were used. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. kaikki.org/dictionary · en.wiktionary.org

The texts and their grammar

Each table was checked against the words of the texts and their grammar as listed on the About and Credits page. Those sources were used only to check the tables; none of their data is in the table files.

Sharing the tables

The table data of this site (the files data/paradigms-grc.js, data/paradigms-la.js, data/paradigms-verbs-grc-00.js to -63.js, data/paradigms-verbs-la-00.js to -63.js, data/paradigms-pron-grc.js and data/paradigms-pron-la.js) is adapted from Wiktionary, with forms built by our own rules, and is shared under the same license, CC BY-SA 4.0. You may copy and adapt it, for any purpose, if you give credit to Wiktionary and to this site and share your version under the same license.

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